which 的玩法
Which 的一般用法
一、在限定性定语从句中的用法
1、指代物，从句中作主语，不可省略
- This is the building which is the tallest one in our city. 这是我市最高的建筑。
(which 指代 the building)
2、指代物，从句中作宾语，可省略
- The cellphone (which) he bought last week doesn't work now. 他上周买的手机现在坏了。
(which 指代 the cellphone)
3、指代物，从句中作介词宾语，不可省略
- This is the map by which we can get to the hill. 这是就是那张地图，借助它我们到达了那座山。
(which 指代 the map，“by which” 在从句中作方式状语)
小结：关系代词 which 一般指物，在限定性定语从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语，单独作宾语时可以省略，跟在介词后作宾语时，不可以省略。
二、在非限定性定语从句中的用法
1、指代物，从句中作主语，不可省略
- I live in Beijing, which has some fantastic parks. 我住在北京，那里有一些非常棒的公园。
(which 指代 Beijing)
2、指代物，从句中作宾语，不可省略
- My bicycle, which I've had for more than 10 years, is falling apart. 我的自行车已经用了十多年了，快要散架了。
(which 指代 my bicycle)
3、指代物，从句中作介词宾语，不可省略
- My grandmother's house, which I grew up in, is very small. 我奶奶家的房子很小，我从小在那里长大。
(which 指代 my grandmother's house，在从句中作 in 的宾语)
4、指代一个句子，从句中作主语，不可省略
- The boss changed his mind, which made us very sad. 老板改变主意了，这让我们很难过
(which 指代前面一整句话 The boss changed his mind)
小结：关系代词 which 一般指物，在非限定性定语从句中，既可以指代前面的某个词，也可以指代前面的整个句子，是不可以省略的。
三、介词 + Which 代替关系副词的用法
1、作时间状语，替代 when
下面 2 句话一个意思，都是“我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天”，只不过关系词不一样，用 on which 代替了 when
- I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
- I'll never forget the day on which my son was born.
2、作地点状语，替代 where
下面 2 句话一个意思，都是“我在巴塞罗那遇到我妻子的那家酒吧还在那里”，只不过关系词不一样，用 in which 代替了 where
- The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
- The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.
3、作原因状语，替代 why
下面 2 句话一个意思，都是“我想请你解释一下拒绝我帮助的原因”，只不过关系词不一样，用 for which 代替了 why
- I'd like you to explain the reason why you refused my offer.
- I'd like you to explain the reason for which you refused my offer.
小结：大部分情况下，在定语从句中都可以用“介词+which”的形式来代替关系副词where, when或why。
只能是你的情
只能用 which 的情况
1、在“介词＋关系代词” 结构中时
- This is the solution about which we've had so much discussion. 这就是我们一直在讨论的解决方案
2、引导非限定性定语从句时
- He couldn’t read, which surprised me. 他不识字，这让我很吃惊。
3、一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which
- Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 让我给你看我从新开放的图书馆借来的那本小说。
4、当先行词本身是that时
- I don’t like that which he did. 我不喜欢他做的那件事。
注意：that which 这一说法在现代英语中通常改用 what，则上句可改为下面的，这样就变成了一个宾语从句： I don’t like what he did.
啊，心好累
which 的一些特殊用法
一、居然可以指代人，服了
1、指不强调性别的婴儿
- He was the last child which was born. 他是最后出生的孩子。
2、不指具体某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等）时
- He imagined himself to be an artist which he was not. 他把自己想象成一个艺术家，但他不是。
3、先行词是表集体，而不是表示其成员时
- Tom's is a family which has just migrated from South Africa. 汤姆家是一个刚从南非移民过来的家庭。
小结：只有当指代的人是不具体的，如：不分性别的婴儿；一个人的身份、职业、地位或者指代的是一个整体时才可以用 which，其他指代人的情况该用 who 或 whom 依然照旧。
二、Which 作定语的情况
1、“介词+which” 作定语
- I may have to work late, in which case I’ll call you. 我可能要加班，那样的话我会打电话给你的。
- It was derived from 10 years ago, for which reason much of its information may well have been out of date. 它起源于10年前，因此它的很多信息很可能已经过时了。
2、which 作定语
- He is studying economics, which knoweledge is very important today. 他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。
- He spoke in French, which language I could only follow with difficulty. 他说法语，我听起来很吃力。
小结：which 有时也可用作定语，尤其用于“介词+which+名词”这类结构中，此时的which 含有 this 或 that 的含义。
